HMRC’s new penalty regime for late filing and late payments of VAT will be fairer but more complex with interest being charged on all late payments

From 1 January 2023, HMRC will introduce a fixed rate, points based penalty system for VAT submissions. Initially HMRC has said there will be a ‘light touch’ approach to the new regime in the first year of operation.

Under the new rules, there will be a single penalty point for each late submission of a VAT return. When a business has exceeded the points threshold, a fixed rate penalty of £200 will be issued for each subsequent late return.

For businesses on standard quarterly returns the threshold is four points in any two-year period. For those on monthly returns, it will be five points and for those submitting annual VAT returns, just two points.

Points will be reset to zero when all returns have been filed and there has been a continuous period of good compliance (12 month for quarterly filings, six months for monthly filings and 24 months for annual filings).

The new regime will effectively have four different types of charges:

• a fixed penalty amount for late filings based on a points system (a similar concept to totting up points for driving offences);
• an initial two-part fixed rate penalty for late payments of 2% and 4% (applying to the first 15 and 30 days);
• ongoing 4% daily interest-based penalty (applying after 30 days); and
• interest charged at 2.5% above the Bank of England base rate (applying from the outset).

‘The new penalty regime is more complicated than the current default surcharge regime. However, it appears to be fairer to those businesses that might occasionally pay late and rewards those that do their best to pay outstanding tax as early as possible,’ added Pearce.

‘Under the current rules, businesses are often hit with large surcharges of between 2% and 15% for simply being one day late. This can often be caused by a one-off administration error or banking delay.

‘The change should therefore be welcomed and should avoid the need for many default surcharge appeals where the amount of the penalty is disproportionate to the amount and timing of the late payment.

‘For many defaulters, the new rules will result in a relatively small penalty and interest having to be paid. However, for businesses that persistently fail to submit their VAT returns on time and are frequently more than 30 days late in paying, they will suffer the highest level of penalties and interest. It seems that HMRC have struck a balance of penalising serial offenders more heavily while incentivising compliance and being more lenient on those that make the occasional slip up.’

Penalty points threshold

Submission frequency	Penalty points threshold	Period of compliance
Annually	2	24 months
Quarterly	4	12 months
Monthly	5	6 months